ABSTRACT
The evolution of autism symptoms during life were revised, from childhood to adulthood. Little information is available. After a search in PubMed, no more than 40 publications address this issue. The review was divided into two parts: a) how change the three main symptoms of autism change; b) how change the other autism-associated symptoms. The three main symptoms, called "Triad of Wing" (communication problems, social skills deficits, and a restricted repertoire of interests) do not change significantly during lifetime. The diagnosis of autism remains stable during lifetime, and 80
of children continue with this diagnosis in adulthood. Furthermore, it is difficult to establish first diagnostic of autism in adults. In relation to the associated symptoms, one of the earliest are sleep disturbances and one of the most prevalent is both bipolar and anxiety disorders. Sleep disturbances are age-limited and disappear easily. Bipolar disorders are usually more severe in children with autism when compared to children without autism. The mood transitions are faster in autistic children. Anxiety is usually more intense in cognitive preserved autistic patients and tends to increase with age. The two main prognostic factors for autism in adults are: a) total IQ above 70. b) functional language before 6 years of age.
Subject(s)
Developmental Disabilities/physiopathology , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/physiopathology , Adult , Child , Developmental Disabilities/diagnosis , Age Factors , Female , Humans , Male , Prognosis , Disease Progression , Follow-Up Studies , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/diagnosisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To translate into Brazilian Portuguese the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), an extremely useful diagnostic tool in autism. METHODS: A case-control study was done to validate the ADI-R. After being translated, the interview was applied in a sample of 20 patients with autism and 20 patients with intellectual disability without autism, in order to obtain the initial psychometric properties. RESULTS: The internal consistency was high, with a of Crombach of 0.967. The validity of criterion had sensitivity and specificity of 100 percent, having as a gold standard the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. The interview had high discriminant validity, with higher scores in the group of patients with autism, as well as high interobserver consistency, with median kappa of 0.824. CONCLUSION: The final version of ADI-R had satisfactory psychometric characteristics, indicating good preliminary validation properties. The instrument needs to be applied in bigger samples in other areas of the country.
OBJETIVO: Traduzir para o português do Brasil a ADI-R (Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised), uma ferramenta diagnóstica extremamente útil em casos de autismo. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo caso-controle para validar a ADI-R. A fim de se obter as propriedades psicométricas iniciais da entrevista, após a tradução, a ADI-R foi aplicada em uma amostra de 20 pacientes com autismo e 20 controles com retardo mental sem autismo. RESULTADOS: A consistência interna foi alta, com um a de Crombach de 0,976. A validade de critério mostrou uma sensibilidade e uma especificidade de 100 por cento, tendo os critérios diagnósticos do DSM-IV como padrão ouro. A entrevista teve uma alta validade discriminante, com maiores escores no grupo de pacientes com autismo, bem como uma alta consistência entre observadores, com um Kappa médio de 0,824. CONCLUSÃO: A versão final da ADI-R teve características psicométricas satisfatórias, indicando boas propriedades preliminares de validação. O instrumento necessita ser aplicado em amostras maiores em outras áreas do país.